HTML Introduction
What is HTML?
- HTML is a markup language for describing web documents .
- HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language.
- A markup language is a set of markup tags.
- HTML documents are described by HTML tags.
- Each HTML tag describes different document content.
HTML A Small Example :
HTML Small Document:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
Try it Yourself
Example Explained
- The DOCTYPE declaration defines the document type to be HTML.
- The text between <html> and </html> tag describes an HTML document.
- The text between <head> and </head> tag provides information about the document.
- The text between <title> and </title> tag provides a title for the document.
- The text between <body> and </body> tag describes the visible page content.
- The text between <h1> and </h1> tag describes a heading.
- The text between <p> and </p> tag describes a paragraph.
- Using this description, a web browser can display a document with a heading and a paragraph.
HTML Tags
HTML tags are keywords (tag names) surrounded by angle brackets:
<tagname>content</tagname>
- HTML tags normally come in pairs like <p> and </p> tag.
- The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag.
- The end tag is written like the start tag, but with a slash before the tag name.
- The start tag is often called the opening tag. The end tag is often called the closing tag.
Web Browsers
The purpose of a web browser is to read HTML documents and display them (Chrome, IE, Firefox, Safari).
The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses them to determine how to display the document:
HTML Page Structure
Below is a visualization of an HTML page structure:
The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration
- The <!DOCTYPE> declaration helps the browser to display a web page correctly.
- There are different document types on the web.
- To display a document correctly, the browser must know both type and version.
- The doctype declaration is not case sensitive. All cases are acceptable:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<!doctype html>
<!Doctype Html>
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<!doctype html>
<!Doctype Html>
Common Declarations
HTML5
<!DOCTYPE html>
HTML 4.01
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC " -//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" " http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
XHTML 1.0
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC " -//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" " http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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